System of electrical distribution.



Patented Sept. 6, I910.

sauna-51mm 1.

F. S. GULVER.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 1909.

F.S.CULVER. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION II'LED JUNE 9, 1909.

969,345. Patented Sept. 6, 1910 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. P S. GULVER. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE9. 1909.

96 9,345. Patented Sept 6, 1910.

s BHEETS-BHEET a.

FRANK S. CULVER,.0F MADISON, WISCONSIN.

S YSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

Application filed June 9, 1809. Serial No. 501,112.

To all wiwm it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK S. CUnvnR, a citizen of the United States,residing at Madison, in the county of Dane and State one of the objectsof the same is to provide an improved system of this character in whichstorage cells for supplying the service mains are automatically chargedfrom a generator in accordance with the current consumption. I

A further object is to provide improved means for connecting theenerator with the cells when the speed of t e generator is suflicient-.to produce a voltage sufiiciently high .to charge the cells and fordisconnecting the cells again when,the voltage drops too low forcharging the cells, at the same time maintaining a constant voltage inthe service mains or circuit.

A further object is to provide improved means for maintaining a supplyof electrical energy in the system regard ess of whether or not thegenerator is operating, and improved means for automatically adjustingor regulatin the supply when additional translating evices are cut in orout of the circuit.

A further object is to provide an improved centrifugal switch forautomatically connecting the generator field.

A further object is 'to provide an improved apparatus of this characterwhich will be simple, durable and cheap inconstruction and effective andeificient in operation. p

' To the'attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other newand useful objects, as will appear, the invention consists in thefeatures of novelty in the construction, combination and arrangement ofthe several parts hereinafter more fully de scribed and claimed andshown in the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment of theinvention, and in which Figure l is a detail sectional view of theswitch operating mechanism for cutting the cells into. the generatorcircuit. Fig. 2 is a top lan view of the relay for controlling the v0tags in the system. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 33 of Fig. 2.Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line 44 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is an elevationof the magnets for controlling the direction of rotation of theregulating motor. the centrifugal switch for closing the field circuitof the enerator onto the battery. F i 7 is a detai sectional View online 77 of ig. 6. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the regulator arm andmotor for operating the arm to out out the resistance from themain-line. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the Wiring of the apparatus.Fig. 10 is an elevation of the meter. Fig. 11 is a detail sectional viewof the switch contact for controlling the shunt magnet of the cut in anda portion of the plunger for operating the swltch.

In the exemplification of the invention shown in the drawings, thegenerator 15, shown in diagram in Fig. 9, is preferably a plain shuntmachine, although 1t is to be Fig. 6 is an elevation of understood thatconsiderable change may be made in this respect without the spirit ofthe invention.

The storage cells 16 may be of the standard make and grouped in anycombination to give the desired voltage and current capaclty. Thesecells are arranged in series with the generator and in order to closethe battery circuit on to the field so as to prepare or put thegenerator in condition to' be thrown onto the cells so that the cellswill be charged thereby, when the generator has reachedits proper speed,there isprovided a centrifu al switch shown in Figs. 6 and 7 This switcis adapted to close the field circuit 17 of the generator onto thebattery only when the speed of the generator is sufiiciently high togive a charging voltage and also operates to prevent a waste of thebattery current in the field of the generator departing from when thespeed of the motor decreases. This switch comprises a. support 18 towhich is secured a hub 19, which latter in turn is secured in anysuitable manner to the generator shaft to rotate therewith. Secured tothe periphery of the support 18 are spaced metallic collector rings 20,21. An arm 22 is pivotally connected at one extremity as at 23 to thesupport 18 and is provided at its other end with a weight 24 which tendsto throw the arm 22 outwardly about its pivot 23 by centrifugal forcewhen the support 18 is rotated. The travel of the arm 22 is controlledby a spring 25, one end of which is secured to the arm 22 beyond itspivot and the other end is anchored to the support 18. Supported by thefree extremity of the arm 22 is an elastic contact 26 preferably in theform of a spring which engages the collector ring when the arm is thrownoutwardly and the spring 25 is so adjusted that it necessitates acertain or predetermined speed to throw the spring 26 into engagementwith the collector ring. By providing the spring 25, the circuit will beprevented from being opened when the generator is running, due tovibration. Mounted upon a suitable support'27 are brushes 28, 29, whichrespectively engage the collector rings 20, 21, on their outerperiphery. The collector ring 21 is electrically connected by means of aconductor 30 with the arm 22 preferably through the pivot 23 thereof sothat when the generator reaches its proper speed to throw the brush orspring 26 into engagement with the collector ring 20, the path ofcurrent will be through the brush 29, collector ring 21, conductor 30,pivot 23, arm 22, contact 26, collector ring 20, brush 28 and outthrough the conductor 31 to one terminal of the field'coil 17 of thegenerator 15. The opposite terminal of the field coil 17 is connected tothe negative terminal 32 of the generator and also to the negativeterminal 33 of the battery through the medium of the conductor 34.Whenever the generator is running at a speed below the normal speed orwhen the generator is at rest, the arm 22 will be drawn by the spring 25against the stop 35, thereby opening the circuit of the field 17.

In order to connect the cells 16 to the generator 15 to charge the cellswhen the generator is running at the proper speed, or

too low for charging.

to disconnect the cells from the generator, the switch operatingmechanism, or cut in shown in Fig. 1 is employed. When a variabledriving power is employed to operate the generator 15, the result willbe a variable voltage which means that the cells must be cut on forcharging when the generator voltage is high enough to charge the cellsand cut off again when the voltage is This cut-ting off 'of thegenerator circuit must occur at the proper moment or current will flowback from the cells into the generator and thus discharge the cells.This cut in or switch mechanism comprises a shunt wound magnet 36 and aseries wound magnet 37, which may be of any desirable or suitable type.These magnets are preferably arranged one above the other as shown, andthe lower or shunt wound magnet is provided with a single plunger 38 andthe upper or series wound magnet 37 is provided with two plungers 39,40. The head 41 of the plunger 38 is arranged below the magnet 36 andthe plunger is provided with an extension 42 which extends beyond thetop of the magnet and surrounding the extension on the top of the ma netare washers 43 which are held against dlsplacement by means of asuitable pin 44 which passes through the extension and these washers areprovided for the purpose of adjusting the'air gap 45 between the headofthe plunger 38 and the end of the magnet so that the plunger 38 willbe drawn up toward the magnet when the generator voltage is suflicientto charge the batteries. I

The lower plunger 39 of the series wound magnet 37 is provided with astem 46 which passes freely through the upper plunger 40 and extendsbeyond the plunger, and secured to the upper end of the stem is a switchmember 47 preferably comprising a series of superimposed leaf springs,which latter are adapted to engage a stationary contact 48 when theplunger 39 is raised. The upper plunger 40 is provided with a head 49spaced from the magnet 37 and an elastic member 50, such as a coilspring or the like, is provided, which surrounds the plunger and isinterposed between the magnet 37 and the head 49 for normally raisingthe plunger 40 and moving it away from the'plunger 39. The plunger 40 isadapted to be moved downwardly against the tension of the elastic member50 when the magnet is energized and the downward travel of this plungeris limited by means of a suitable the head 49 and the upward movement ofthe plunger under the influence of the spring 50 is limited by a stop 52which is preferably secured to the base 53 which supports the magnets.One end of the coil of the shuntwound magnet 36 is connected to the stop52 as at 54 and one end of the coil of the series wound magnet 37 isconnected as at 55 to the plunger 39 and a'portion of the conductor 55is coiled as at 56 adjacent the plunger to form a flexible connection.The other end of the coil of the series wound magnet 37 is connected bymeans of the conductor 57 to the positive brush 58 of the generator, asshown in the diagrammatic view and the other end of the shunt woundmagnet 36 is connected by means of the 0011- generator by being tappedinto the conductor 34. Aflixed to-the under side'of the stop 52 isalflat spring 61, one extremity of which is free to travel toward andaway from the stop and is adapted'to'be'engaged by the plunger 40 andserves to gradually arrest the-movementof the plunger under, theinfluence ofthe elastic member 50. A'

pin 62 is provided which extends through the stem 40 for 'arresting thedownward movement of thelower'plunger 39.

The purpose of the shunt magnet-36 is to move the switchmember '47against the contact 48 by the plun'ger 38, which latter is .moved towardthe plunger 39 when the magnet 36 is energized, to close the circuitthrough the cells when the proper voltage exists and the'lower plunger39 of the series Wound magnet 37 will be maintained in its adjustedposition when the proper voltage exists to-hold the switch member 47 inengagement with the contact member 458 so long as the current is flowinginto the cells. When current ceases to flow into-the cells the magnetswill be deenergized to permit the plungers to drop, which will move theswitch member 47 out of engagement with the contact 48 to open thecircuit. The spurpose of the upper plunger 40 of the series magnet is toopen the circuit of-the shunt wound magnet 36' after the cellcircuit-has.

been closed and'current starts to flow into the cells. When the coil ofthe series wound magnet 37 is energized, the plungers39 and '40 will bedrawn toward each other thereby loweringthe plungere'lO until it engagesthe stop 51, which movement will open the circuit through the shuntwound magnet 36, thereby deenergizing the latter to permit the plunger38 thereof to drop to normal. As the current ceases to flow to thecells, the magnet 37 will be deenergized and the upper plunger 40 willhe moved under the influence of the elastic member 50 into engagementwith the stop 59, therebyclosing the circuit through the shunt woundmagnet 86, which is the normal position of the cut in or'switchoperating mechanism, so that it will be ready to operate again as soonas the generator voltage is of proper value.

The energy meter, designated ,generally by the reference numeral 63, inFig. 9, is preferably an ampere hour meter, although if desired anordinary watt meter may be used. This meter is of the ordinaryconstruction and is preferably provided with a train of recording gearsadapted to show at all times the amount of charge in the cellsajnd thisis accomplished by so connectthe the will run ahead and when current isbeing discharged or drawn from the cellsthe'meter armature reverses itsdirection of rotation, thus causing the train to run backward towardzero.

As it is impossible to 'ta-ke'from 'thebattery all the energy put intoit, it "becomes necessary "to provide means which will antomatic'allycause the meter to run faster when the cells are being discharged thanwhen they are being charged. The ratio of speeds should 'be'the ratio ofthe cell 'efiiciency and this is accomplished by providing a resistance-64 in the circuit of the meter motor armature, which resistance is cutout of the meter armature circuit-when the cells are discharging, thuscausing the armature to revolve taster. from the resistance '64'a'nd isprovided with a contact 66 arranged adjacent the headof plunger '39 ofthe series magnet '37 of cut'in or switch operating device, and aconductor 67 is tapped into the conductor 60 and is provided with acontact 68 adjacent and-spaced from the contact-'66. Supported by'thehead of the'plun'ger 39 is 'a conductor strip 69 shown in the diagram-inFig. 9 which conductor strip is insulated from the plunger '39by'suitable insulation A conductor '65 leads circuit across the armaturecircuit resistance of the meter.

Any suitable means may he provided for stopping the charge to the cellsafter a full charge has been given. A simple and eliicient means foraccomplishing this purpose I will now be described. The dial 71 of themeter 63 is divided into'any suitable number of divisions and numberedconsecutively in clockwise direction and a hand 72 moves over the faceof the dial. The divisions represented on the dial indicate the amountof charge and a contact post 2'3 is provided which is supported by thedial and insulated therefrom and is arranged at such 'a'point on thedial that when a fuil'charge has been given to the cells, theindicating'ha-nd 72 will have reached and willengage the contact posts73. The contact post 73 may be connected to one of the conductors fromthe battery through the-mediumof the conductor 74, and the hand72 isconnected by means 'of'another conductor=75 to the other conductor fromthe battery and an electroresponsive device 76 may be provided withinthis circuit which:electro-responsive device is adapted to control acircuit breaker 77 preferably located in the circuit of the shunt coil36 of the cut in or main switch operating mechanism, so that when theindicator hand 72 engages the contact 73, which it will do when thebattery is fully charged, the circuit will be completed through theelectro-responsive device 76 to trip and hold the circuit breakerto'interrupt the current through the shunt coil. While this circuitbreaker is shown as located in this particular circuit, it is to beunderstood that any other suitable mechanism may be em- ,ployed forpreventing the overcharging of the cells. As soon as the circuit is thusinterrupted, when the cells begin to discharge the indicator hand 72will start to move backward from the contact post 73 toward the zero,thus opening the circuit at the post 73 which will release the circuitbreaker,

77 so that the system will be ready to supply another charge to thecells when the generator is again started. With a battery of twenty-sixcells, for instance, the variation in voltage from normal open circuitvoltage, to charging voltage, would be about twenty-two volts but such avariation in voltage is not suitable for lighting purposesand ittherefore becomes necessary to provide a regulator that will maintain aconstant pressure at the lighting circuit under all conditions. This maybe accomplished by means of a variable resistance 78 which is wired intothe main lighting circuit 79, 80, and is provided with a plurality ofcontacts 81 over which a contact arm 82 is adapted to travel. Thiscontact arm 82 is preferably provided with an enlarged head 83 whichpreferably extends over two or more of the contacts at the same time sothat as the contact arm advances to cut in or out the resistance coils,sparking will be prevented.

The contact arm 82-is supported and operated by means of a worm gear'84, which in turn is driven by a worm 85 on a shaft 86,

on which shaft the armature 87 of the motor- 88 is secured. The worm 84is provided with a laterally projecting pin or extension 89 which isadapted to move between two spring contacts 90, 91, which latter arerespectively adapted to be moved into and out of engagement withcorresponding contacts 92, 93, sothat when the worm moves in onedirection it will engage and move one of the contacts (the contact 90)out of engagement with the contact 92 and the contact 91 will engage thecontact 93. When the gear moves in the opposite direction the pin orextension 89 will move away from the contact 90 to permit the latter toengage the contact 92 and will engage the spring conitact 91 and move itout o the contact 93.

In order to automatically control the motor and to reverse the same,reversing magnets, designated generally by the reference numeral 94 inFig. 5, are provided and this reversing mechanism preferably comprisestwo pairs of electro-magnets 95, 96, and these magnets are respectivelyprovided with armatures 97 98, which latter are mounted upon insulatingmembers 99, 100, and these insulating members are respectively attachedto the extremities of springs 101, 102. The springs are secured to asuitable support located intermediate their ends and this support ismounted upon a suitable insulating base. Arranged above the extremitiesof these springs or elastic members 101, 102 and supported by theinsulating base are contacts 103, 104, 105, 106, so that whenever themagnets95 are energized, the extremities of the springs101 102 adjacentthereto will be attracted and move into on gagement with the contacts103, 104 and when the magnets 92 are energized the other ends ofthe'springs 101, 102 Wlll be attracted so as to be brought intoengagement with the contacts 105, 106. The contacts 103, 104, 105, and106 are cross connected, that is, the contact 103 is connected by meansof a conductor 107 with the contact 106, and the contact 104 isconnected by means of a conductor 108 with .the contact 105, as shownclearly in-the diagrammatic view.. v

One of the terminals of the field 109 .of the ngagement with controllermotor 88 is connected by means of a conductor 110 to the spring 102 andthe other terminal of the field 109 is connected by means of a conductor111 to theother spring 101. One of the terminals 112 of the armature 87of the motor 88 is connected by means of the conductor 113 tothe contact104 and also to the contact 105 by means of the conductor 108, and theline 79 is C011:

nected by means of the conductor 114 to the contact 106 and also thecontact 103 through the conductor 107. The other terminal 115 of thearmature is connected by means of the conductor 116 to the opposite side80 of the line.

In order to balance the circuit should the voltage become 'too high ortoo low (if lights are being used) and to control'the reversin'mechanism to control the direction of rotation of the regulating motor88, a shunt relay, designated generally by the reference numeral 117 inthe dia ammatic view and as shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 4,

is employed. This relay comprises a spool 118 which is mounted uponasuitable insulating base 119 and is wound by fine wire 120. Arrangedwithin the spool and pivotally supported intermediate its ends by meansof supports 121 is an armature 122 of soft iron adapted to swing freelyon the pivots 123. The armature 122 is normally held in a plane inclinedto the horizontal and whenever a current passes around the spool, amagnetic field will be set up which tends to move the armature about itspivot and into a position parallel to the lines of force. Opposing theselines of force or torque, is a spring 124, one end of which is connectedto the lower side of the armature and the other end is attached to anadjusting screw 125. -A contact arm 126 is afliXed t0 the armature 122and its upper extremity is adapted to move freely between adjustablecontacts 127, 128, which latter are supported by the insulating head ofthe spool and the terminals of the winding of the spool are connected tothe binding posts 129, 130.

The adjustment of the spring 124 is such that when a normal voltage isapplied to the coil terminals, the contact arm 126 will stand midwaybetween the contacts 127, 128, and the contacts are so adjusted that arise or fall in the voltage of one or more volts will cause the contactarm 126 to move into engagement with the contacts 127, 128 respectively.A binding post 131 is also provided which is electrically connected withthe contact arm 126 through the medium of one of the supports 121 of thearmature 122. A neutral connection is provided between the magnets 95,96 of the reversing mechanism 94 shown in Fig. 5 through the medium ofthe conductor 132, which latter conductor'is connected to the conductor80 on one side of the main line and the conductor 133 is connected withthe conductor 79 on the other side. One of the terminals to the windingof this relay 117 is connected by means of the conductor 134 to theconductor 79 on one side of the main line, and the other terminal of thewinding of this relay is connected by means of the conductor 135 to theother conductor 80 on the other side of the main line. If this shuntrelay as above described should be permanently connected to the lightingcircuit, the current would flow through its coil continually and as itis only necessary to place this relay in action at such times as thelights are being used, a series relay is provided for automaticallycutting the shunt relay into and out or' the circuit, thereby preventingwaste of current. This series relay may be of the ordinary and wellknown construction and comprises one or more electro-Inagnets 136 and isconnected in the circuit so that the entire lighting current will passthrough the coils. The armature 137 of this magnet is arranged in theconductor 135 and cooperates with the contact 138. \Vhen the magnet l36is energized the armature 137 will be attracted so that it will engagethe contact 138 to complete the circuit through the relay 117. When themagnet 136 is deenergized or there is no load, the armature 137 willfall or move out of engagement with the contact 138 to break the circuitthrough the relay.

One of the spring contacts of the regulator motor'88, preferably thecontact 91, is connected by means of aconductor 139 to one of the pairsof coils, preferably the pair 95 of the reversing mechanism 94, shown inFig. 5, and the other spring contact 90 is connected by means of theconductor 140 to the other pair of coils 96 of this mechanism and thesepairs of coils are arranged so that one pair will operate the motor inone direction when the voltage is high and the other pair will operatethe motor in the opposite direction when the voltage is low.

The contact 127 (high voltage contact) of the shunt relay 117 with whichthe contact arm 126 cooperates is connected by means of a conductor 141to the contact 93 with which the spring contact 91 cooperates and thecontact 128 (low voltage contact) of the relay 117 is connected by meansof a conductor 142 to the contact 92 with which the spring contact 90cooperates.

Certain conditions may arise, such'as a heavy overload "which will causethe regulator motor 88 to move the contact arm 82 to the extreme end ofits travel in either direction and still not be able to adjust thevoltage to normal. Under such conditions the shunt relay contact arm 126would remain in contact with either the high or low contact 127, 128, asthe case may be, thus causing current to flow needlessly through themagnets of the reversing mechanism 94. T o prevent such a waste ofcurrentthe spring contacts 90, 91 are provided, which are controlled bythe worm gear 84 of the controller motor 88, one of these springcontacts being connected into the circuit of one of the pairs of magnetsof the reversing mechanism and the other spring cont-act being connectedin the circuit of the other pair of magnets of the reversing mechanism.As the worm gear 84 will make only about one-fourth of its revolutionfor a complete movement of theregulator contact arm 82, the insulatedpin or projection 89 is provided n the gear for operating thesecontacts. In the position shown in the diagram the contact arm 82 hastraveled to the end of the regulator contacts 81 and the insulated pin89 has moved the spring contact 90out of engage-- v ment with thecontact '92, thereby breaking the circuit at that point. The opening ofthe circuit at this point does not in any manner affect the operation ofthe opposite end of the reversing mechanism 94. Should the voltagebecome high (if the lights are bein used) sufficient current would flowthrough w the relay 117 to move the contact arm 126 direction. As themotor starts to reverse the insulating pin 89 will be moved out ofengagement with the contact 90 which latterwlll move into engagementwith the contact '92, which is connected with the low voltage contact128 of the relay, to complete the circuit through the other series ofmagnets of the reversing mechanism when the arm 126 of the relay 117moves into engagement with the contact 128, the normal position of thecontact arm 126 being midway between the contacts 127 128 when thevoltage which controls the relay 117 is normal.

The contact 48 with which the switch member 47 cooperates -is connectedto the conductor 79 on one side of the main line and one terminal of thewatt meter armature is connected to the conductor 79 by the conductor148. The other terminal of the armature of the meter 63 is connected bymeans of the conductor 144 to the positive sideof the cells 16.

Referring to the wiring diagram the circuits under the variousconditions existing according to the position of the various parts willbe as follows: In this wiring diagram all of the lamps 145 will beassumed to be turned OE and the parts will be in the positions shown.The plunger 39 of the series magnet 37 will be lowered so that theconductor strip 69 will engage the contacts 66, 68, so that the onlypath for the current to flow will be from the positive side of thebattery cells 16, through the conductor 144, armature of the meter 63,.conductor 65, contact 66, conductor 69, contact 68, conductor 60, backto the negative side of the battery. Assuming now that one or morelights 145 are turned on and the generator being idle, the current canthen flow as just above set forth. A second path for the current willthen be established from the positive side of the battery through theconductor 146, through the series coil 147 of the meter 63, conductor148, to the conductor 79 on one side of the lighting circuit to theseries relay 136, from the relay to the positive side of the lampcircuit, through the lamp or lamps 145 to the negative side of thecircuit, then to the regulator resistance 78, through the regulator arm82 into the conductor 80, on the other side of the main line back to thenegative side of the battery 16 through theconductor 33. Current passingthrough the magnets 136 will energize the same and the armature 137 willbe attracted so that it will engagethe contact 138, thereby creatinganother path for the tablished of the circuit will then be as follows:from the positive side of the battery 16, through the conductor 146,series coils 147 of the meter 63, conductor 148, to the conductor 79 onone side of the mainline circuit to the point where the conductor 134 istapped into the line, through the conductor 134, relay 117, conductor135, armature 137, contact 138, conductor 135, series regulator 78,regulator arm 82, conductor 80, conductor 33 to the negative side of thebattery. Assuming the voltage to be high, the conductor arm 126 of theseries relay will be moved into engagement with the contact 127 and thefourth path for the current will be as follows: from the positive sideof the battery 16, conductor 146, series coils 147 of the meter 63,conductor 148, to the conductor 7 9 on one side of the main li hting.circuit, to the point where the conductor 133. is tapped into the mainline, through the conductor 133, contact arm 126 of the shunt relay 117,contact 127, conductor 141, contact 93, spring contact 91, conductor139, to the high voltage magnets 95 of the revers ing mechanism from themagnets 95 through the conductor 132 to the conductor 80 on the otherside of the lighting circuit, through conductor 33 to the negative sideof the battery.

The passing of the current through the magnets 95 will cause thearmature 97 thereof to be attracted, thereby completing a circuit fromthe conductor 79, conductor 114,

contact 106, conductor 107, across to the con- .ductor 110, spring 102,cont-act 1.04, conductor 113, terminal 112 of the regulator motor,terminal 115 ofthe motor, conductor 116, and conductor 80 on the otherside of the main line circuit. This circuit will start the motor tooperate to move the regulator 82 to cut the resistance 78 into the mainline. As the resistance is cut in the voltage of the line will drop atthe lighting circuit to normal and the armature or contact arm 1% of therelay 117 will assume a normal position, thus breaking the circuit atthe contact 127 which causes the armatures of the magnets 95 of thereversing mechanismtto drop, which in turn open the circuit to theregulating motor 88, causing the latter to stop. Should some of thelights 145 be now turned off, the voltage would rise .still farther tocause the contact arm 126 of the 'shunt relay 117 to move intoengagement with the high voltage contact 127 which would close thecircuit to the set of magnets 95, or high volt-age magnets to operatethe motor, so that the circuit operating the tact 128.

motor would then be as follows: from the main line 79, conductor 114,contact 106, spring-102, contact 110, in the opposite direction throughthe field 109 of the motor, contact 111, spring 101, contact 105,conductor 108, across to the contact 104, conductor 113, terminal 112 ofthe motor armature, terminal 115, conductor 116, conductor 80 on theopposite side of the main line, back to the battery.

If all the lamps 114 have been turned out the series relay 136 will bedeenergized and the armature 137 thereof will drop or move out ofengagement with the contact 138, which'in turn will deenergize the shuntrelay 117 thereby permitting the spring 124 thereof to hold the contactarm 126 of the shunt relay in contact with the low voltage con- Thcregulator motor will thus continue to run and the contact arm 126 willremain in engagement with the contact arm 128 until the insulated pin 89moves into engagement with the'spring contact 91 to move the latter outof engagement with the contact 93 to break the circuit at that point,thereby deenergizing the magnets 96 of the reversing mechanism 94.Assuming now that the generator 15 is started. As soon as the speed ofthe generator reaches the proper value, the arm 22 of the centrifugalswitch will be thrown outwardly until the contact 26 engages thecollector ring 20, which will close the circuit through the field 17 ofthe generator so that the current will befree to flow from the positiveside of the battery through the conductor 146, series coil 147 of themeter 63, conductor 148, to the conduct/0r 148*, to the centrifugalswitch, from the switch through the conductor 31, to the shunt field 17of the generator 15 and out through the conductor 34, back through theconductor 33 to the negative side of the battery. The. field of thegenerator now being excited, the armature voltage will build up and assoon as the proper voltage is reached,

the current will flow as follows: from the positive terminal 58 of thegenerator armature, through the conductor 57, through the series woundmagnet of the cut in out through the conductor 55, through the lowerplunger 39 of the magnet, through the stem 46 on the plunger, throughthe plunger 40, to the head 49 on the upper plunger, through the contact61, through the conductor 54, to

the shunt wound magnet 36, from the magnet 36, through the conductor 60,conductor 34, back to the negative brush 32 of the generator 15.

Current passing through the shunt wound magnet 36 will energize the sameto draw up the plunger 38 thereof, to cause the stem42 to engagethe-plunger 39 of the series wound magnet 37 to move the latter andbring the switch member 47 into engagement with the will then flow inthe following paths: from the positive side of the generator '15,contact 58, conductor 57, series wound magnet 37, conductor 55, plunger39, stem 46, switch member 47, contact 48, conductor 143, conductor 79,magnet 136 to the positive side of the lamp circuit, to negative side ofthe lamp circuit conductor 80 and contact arm 82, conductor 80 andconductor 34 to the negative contact32 of the generator 15. From thepoint where the contact 48 joins the main line 79, through conductor 143the currents will divide and part will also flow through conductor 148,meter series field 147, conductor 146, to positive side of the cells 16through the cells out through the conductor 33, through conductor 34 tothe negative contact 32 of the generator 15. The

current will also flow through the conductor 148, conductor 148,conductor 148 brush 29, collector ring 29, collector ring 20, brush 28,conductor 31 and field coil 17 to the negative contact 32 of thegenerator 15. The current will flow in this manner untilthe indicatorhand 72 on the dial 71 of the meter out of engagement with the contact73 to break the local circuit to reestablish the circuit through theshunt wound magnet.

When the battery circuit is completed onto the generator, the currentwill circulate through the series wound magnet 37 to draw the plungers40 and 39 toward each other until they are in magnetic contact. Thismovement will open the circuitof the shunt wound magnet 36 at 61 and theplunger 38 of the shunt wound magnet will drop to a normal position. Solong as the current flows from the generator into the battery both ofthe plungers 39, 40, will remain in magnetic contact, but should thecurrent fall ofi to nothing, or nearly so, the lower plunger 39 willdrop, thus opening the battery charging circuit and preventing thecurrent from flowing back into the generator. The upper plunger 40 willthen be forced upward to its normal position so that its head 49 willengage the contact 61 under the influence of the elastic member 50.

In order that the invention might be fully understood, the details ofthe foregoin emscribed, the combination of a cut-in commove'the plungerof the first said electro-- responsive device, and a second plungercontrolled by the' first said electro-responsive device for controllingthe circuit through the second said elect-ro-responsive device.

2. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of acut-in .comprising an electro-responsive device, a circuit therefor, aplunger controlled by theelectro responsive device and switch mem- .beroperated by and electrically connected with said plunger, a secondelectro-responsive device, ashunt circuit for the last said electroresponsive device, a plunger controlled by the last saidelect-ro-responsive'device, adapted to engage and move the plunger ofthefirst said electro responsive device, a second plunger controlled by thefirst saidelectro-responsive device adapted to'be moved thereby in onedirection to open the circuit of the-second said electro-responsivedevice, and means for moving the plunger in the opposite direction toclose the circult of the second said electro-responsive device.

3.;In-an-appa'ratus of the character deprising-anelectro-responsivedevice, a circuit therefor, a plunger controlled by theelectro-responsive dev1ce,-a switch member operated 'byand; electricallyconnected with said plunger, a second electro-responsive device, a shuntcircuit for the last said electro- V responsive device, a plungercontrolled by thelast said electro-responsive device adapted to engageand move the plunger of the first said electro-responsive device, asecond plunger controlled by the first said electroresponsivedeviceadapted to be moved thereby in one direction to open the circuit of thesecond said electro-responsive device, and mechanical means .formovingthe plunger in the opposite direction to normally close the circuit ofthe second said lectro-responsivedevice.

l In an-apparatus ofthe character described, the combination of a cut-incomprisin an 'electro-responsivedevice, a cir- "cuit t erefor, a plungercontrolled by the electro-responsive device, a switch member operated byand electrically connected with said plunger, a second electroresponsivedevice, a shunt circuit for the last said electroresponsive device, aplunger controlled by the last said electro-responsive device adapted toengage and move the plunger of the first said electro-responsive device,a second plunger controlled by the first said electroresponsive deviceadapted to be moved thereby in one direction to open the circuit of thesecond said electr0-responsive device, and a stop for limiting themovement of said plunger, and elastic means for moving the plunger inthe opposite direction and tending normally to close the circuit of thesecond said electro-responsive device.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of acut-in comprising a pair of electro-responsive devices, one

of said devices having a shunt circuit, a-

plungercontrolled bythe shunt device, a pair of plungers controlled bythe other electro-responsive device, a switch member operated by andelectrically connected With one .of the pair of plungers, said plungerbeing adapted to be engaged and moved by the plunger of the shuntelectro-responsive device, and means whereby the other of the pair ofplungers will automatically control the circuit of the said shuntelectro-responsive device.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of acut-in comprising an electro-responsive device, a pair of oppositely,movable plungers controlled by said device, a switch member operable byone of said plungers, a second electro-responsive device, a shuntcircuit therefor, a

plunger operable by the second said electroresponslve device and adaptedto engage and move one of the plungers of the firstsaid'electro-responsive device to shift the switch member, a circuit forthe first said electro-responsive device for maintaining the plunger andswitch in their shifted positions, a cut-out in the shunt circuitadapted to be oened by the other plunger of the first saielmtro-responsive device when said device is energized to permit theplunger of the said second electro-responsive device to return to .anormal position, and means tending normally to move the said otherplunger to close the shunt circuit.

7. In an apparatus .of the character described, the combination of acut-in coin- ;prising an electro-responsive device, a pair of oppositelymovable and electrically connected plungers controlled by saiddevice, a

switch member operable by one ofsaid plungers, asecondelectro-responsive device,

a shunt circuit therefor, a plunger operable by the second saidelectro-responsive device and'adaptedto engage and move one of theplungers of the first said electro-responsive device to shift the switchmember, a circuit for the first said electro-responsive device formaintaining the plunger and switch in their shifted position, a cut-outin the shunt circuit adapted to be opened by the other plunger of thefirst said electro-responsive device when said device is energized topermit the plunger of the said second electroresponsive device to returnto a normal position, and means tending normally to move the said otherplunger to close the shunt circuit.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence 15 of the subscribing Witnesses, on this 3rd day of June A. D.1909.

FRANK S. CULVER.

Witnesses:

JOSEPH M. Born, LOUISE. M. CODDINGTON, JOHN D. VAN SLYKE.

